Satellite communications and spectrum: a framework for understanding the regulatory landscape

This report provides a framework for understanding satellite spectrum regulation. 

The report outlines the main satellite orbits around the Earth (low-Earth orbit, medium-Earth orbit, highly elliptical orbit and geostationary orbit) along with the two principal satellite spectrum types used for commercial telecoms (mobile satellite services and fixed satellite services). Each orbit and spectrum band has distinct advantages and limitations that influence its suitability for different applications as well as its associated investment and infrastructure requirements.

The report goes on to investigate spectrum regulations and their implications. It looks into the licences required at a national level and highlights the importance of ‘landing rights’ for the provision of services internationally. Finally, it focuses on the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU)’s filing process, its associated timeframes, spectrum and orbital priorities, and its limitations. 

Questions answered in this report

• What are the main satellite orbits and spectrum types, and what are their implications on a satellite’s intended service, associated costs, and equipment and other requirements?
• How is spectrum managed at a national and international level?
• What is meant by a ‘landing right’ and what is its importance?
• What is an ITU filing and what is its importance?
• What do ‘priority spectrum rights’ mean for different spectrum bands?
• Who has priority rights to spectrum and to securing an ITU filing?

Who should read this report

• Individuals within (or with an interest in) the space industry who are not regulatory experts, and who are therefore looking for a top-level understanding
• Investors with an interest in the space sector, specifically satellite communications
• Satellite operators
• Terrestrial telecoms operators