Challenger operators in Western Europe have passed 115 million premises with FTTP, but have overbuilt

Fibre-to-the-premises (FTTP) connections passed 157 million premises in Western Europe by 2023. Challenger operators have collectively deployed a higher share of FTTP infrastructure than incumbents, but much is overbuilt, resulting in increased competition. This competition paired with deployment costs is leading to mergers and mutual-access agreements as operators strive to remain competitive.